Over the past fifty years, global consumption of raw materials has almost quadrupled, surpassing the growth of population. In fact, in 1972, we consumed 28.6 billion tons of natural resources; this rose to 54.9 billion in 2000 and to over 100 billion in 2019. Added to the acceleration of the primary resource consumption is the growth of waste, as 90% of these resources are not part of the production cycle: the circularity index today stands at 8.6%, even lower than that recorded in 2018 (9.1%).